What type of material is recommended for backfill up to a foundation?

The recommended material for backfill up to a foundation is gravel. Gravel is preferred because it provides excellent drainage properties while ensuring stability and support for the structure. When backfilling, it is crucial to use materials that can prevent water accumulation around the foundation, as this can lead to issues such as soil erosion and hydrostatic pressure against the walls.

Gravel's coarse texture allows for proper water drainage, reducing the risk of moisture problems that could compromise the integrity of the foundation over time. Additionally, gravel compacts well, offering a stable base that supports the weight of the structure and mitigates any potential settling.

In contrast, other materials such as sand may shift more easily and not provide the same level of support. Clay has moisture retention properties that can lead to expansion and contraction, potentially causing foundation issues. Loam, while beneficial for planting, does not have the necessary drainage capabilities or structural support needed for backfill in this context.